The breeding and management principles of breeding quails and commercial laying quails are basically similar. The breeding and management of egg-type and meat-type quails have their own characteristics.

1) Transfer to herd: the female quails are raised to 35-40 days of age, and about 2% of them should be transferred to the herd when they are already in labor, to familiarize themselves with the new environment. It is best to transfer groups at night, supply drinking water and quail feed in time, and keep quiet. While transferring to the group, another strict selection was carried out according to the requirements of breeding quails.

2) Laying regularity and utilization period: The laying time of laying quails every day is mainly concentrated in the afternoon to before 8 o'clock in the evening, and 3 o'clock in the afternoon and 4 o'clock in the afternoon are the most.

In the case of cage breeding, the use period of breeding female quails is 1 to 2 years, but the "nian nian qing" is generally adopted, and the breeding farm can be used for 2 to 3 years, but in practice, the breeding time is only used for 8 to 10 months. Ensure the quality of breeding eggs. Commercial eggs are only used for 10-12 months. The production should mainly consider the amount of eggs, the qualified rate of breeding eggs, the fertilization rate and its economic benefits and breeding value.

3) Forced moulting: If the second egg laying cycle is used, manual forced moulting is required. Generally, the natural moulting time is long, the moulting is slow, and the egg production is small and not concentrated. Implementation method: stop feeding for 4-7 days in darkness, forcing the laying quails to stop production quickly, then shed feathers, and then gradually add feeding to quickly resume laying. It only takes 20 days from stopping feeding to resuming production. Drinking water cannot be interrupted. Sick and weak individuals must be eliminated.

4) Daily management points: ① Maintain the normal supply of feed and drinking water, and adjust the diet according to the egg production rate and temperature. ②Prevent uterine ectropion, and pay attention to controlling weight and fatness. ③The eggs are collected once at night and in the morning, and egg trays should be used to separate them to prevent stack pressure damage. ④Prevent all kinds of stress and strictly prevent animal damage. ⑤ Do a good job of daily records and statistical reports.

2. How to feed and manage quails during the growing period

Refers to the feeding and management of 15-35-day-old (egg quails) or 40-day-old (meat quails). Feeding quails are restricted. Meat quails (including culled breeding quails) will be put on the market when they are in the rearing period (sometimes are fattened). The male quail matures 10 to 14 days earlier than the female quail, but the weight is lower than that of the female quail. At about 40 days of age, courtship and mating behaviors occur. The signs are also expressed in the cloaca glands that have developed and secrete foam. Quails for breeding are usually selected at 5-6 weeks of age, and transferred to breeding quails after registration.

Meat quails basically adopt the management principle of egg quails, but their feeding standards are relatively high. Some units use the feed of young turkeys, and the effect is acceptable. European and American countries adopt the "flat-cage" combination method, that is, flat rearing in the early stage, cage breeding after 20 days of age, and some of them are transferred to fattening cages after 25 days of age. The cage is 12 cm high, 80 birds/m2, dark light, and gauze or plastic netting is used on the top of the cage. Energy and fat feed can be appropriately mixed into the diet.

In terms of management, keep warm and keep quiet, and guard against various stresses that may cause frights. Male and female quails should be kept in separate cages. Feed them regularly and shade them after feeding. For this purpose, an intermittent light system can be used, that is, 1 hour of lighting and 3 hours of darkness, to obtain higher live weight, survival rate, and lower feed to meat ratio.

It can get a lower feed-to-meat ratio if it goes on the market in time. At the same time, we should choose high-yield varieties, improve the diet formula and management, increase the survival rate, increase the live weight, and reduce the feed consumption in order to achieve good economic benefits.

3. How to feed and manage quails during brooding period

1) Boiling water and starting food: The hatchling young quails should eat warm water within 24 hours to supplement the water consumed in the body. For long-distance introduction, 5%-8% glucose should be added to drinking water, and 0.01% potassium permanganate should be added to drinking water on the third day. It can be eaten after drinking water. Add 0.1% oxytetracycline powder to the powder to prevent pullorum. It is generally fed 6 to 8 times a day, but it can also be fed freely, and no water or feed is cut off for no reason. Average daily feed intake per animal: 3 to 4 grams at 3 days, 5 to 7 grams at 5 days, 9 to 11 grams at 7 days, 13 to 15 grams at 11 days, and 16 to 18 grams at 15 days.

2) Daily management: ① 0 to 4 days old often show the wildness of fleeing, be careful when feeding and watering. ②Guarantee supply of feed and drinking water. Prevent the feed from being splashed and lost by the grilled food, and prevent the fluff from being wetted with drinking water. ③Be diligent in checking and adjusting indoor temperature, humidity, ventilation and light. ④Diligently observe the dynamics and defecation of the young quails, check and adjust the density to prevent the occurrence of pecking. ⑤Do a good job in preventing rodent damage, animal damage and gas poisoning. ⑥Weigh the body weight and check the growth of feathers regularly. ⑦Make various records and statistical reports

4. How to breed quail

Quails have lost their nesting ability and all need to be artificially hatched to reproduce their offspring. At present, due to the lack of specialized breeding farms, the combination of appearance and body weight is often used.

1) Selection of breeding quails. Breeding quails should have their pedigree or source, and meet the appearance and growth and development standards of the breed or strain. The feathers conform to the characteristics of the species or strain, and are complete, plump and shiny, and have a strong physique. Male quails are required to have obvious sexual characteristics, with well-developed cloacal glands, large head, bright reddish-brown cheeks (referring to chestnut brown feathers), black and shiny beaks, developed chests, strong legs, well-extended claws, and pointed claws Tax, the sound is crisp and loud. The female quail is required to be large, with a small head and handsome, big eyes, lively, slender neck, well-proportioned body, bright feather color, and with the arrival of egg production peak, the feather color will turn from chestnut brown to lighter.

2) Natural mating generally has a male-to-female ratio of 1:2～1:3 for small groups, and 10:20～10:30 for large groups.

3) The relationship between age of breeding quail and fertilization rate and hatching rate. Quail breeding has its best breeding period, which directly affects the fertilization rate and hatching rate of breeding eggs. For this reason, we must pay attention to the age structure.