In cattle production, the policy of "prevention of disease is more important than cure" should be adhered to to prevent and eliminate dairy cow diseases, especially infectious diseases and metabolic diseases, so that dairy cows can better perform their production performance, extend their service life, and improve the economic benefits of raising cattle. .


(1) Epidemic prevention of infectious diseases and parasitic diseases


1. Daily preventive measures


(1) Dairy cows should separate the production area from the living area. A disinfection pool and disinfection room (with ultraviolet lamps and other disinfection facilities) should be set at the entrance of the production area, and disinfectants such as 2%-4% sodium hydroxide solution should be kept in the disinfection pool all year round.


(2) Strictly control the entry of non-production personnel into the production area. When they must enter, they should change their work clothes and shoes and hats. They can enter after disinfection in the disinfection room.


(3) Autopsy of corpses is not allowed in the production area, dogs, pigs and other livestock and poultry are not allowed, and mosquitoes and flies are regularly eliminated.


(4) Quarantine for tuberculosis, brucellosis, and paratuberculosis shall be carried out in spring and autumn each year. Cattle detected positive or suspicious should be promptly disposed of in accordance with regulations. After the quarantine is over, the inside and outside of the cowshed and the utensils must be thoroughly cleaned up in time.


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(5) Check the body surface parasites such as scabies in spring and autumn each year. From June to September, the endemic areas of pyrozoa should be checked regularly and tick-killing work should be carried out. In October, Fasciola hepatica should be carried out on cattle. The prevention and deworming of calves will be carried out in spring for coccidia inspection and deworming of calves.


(6) Newly introduced cattle must hold a statutory quarantine certificate, and strictly implement the isolation and quarantine system, and confirm that they are healthy before entering the population.


(7) Breeders should have a physical examination at least once a year. If a person is found to have an infectious disease that harms humans and cattle, they should be removed in time to prevent infection.


2. Emergency prevention measures in the event of an epidemic


(1) An epidemic prevention team should be formed immediately, an accurate diagnosis should be made as soon as possible, and the epidemic should be promptly reported to the relevant superior department.


(2) Isolate sick cattle quickly, and block off infectious diseases that are more harmful in time, establish blockades, and strictly disinfect people and vehicles when they leave, and at the same time strictly disinfect and pollute the environment. The condition for lifting the blockade is that no new cases will appear within two incubation periods after the last sick cow is cured or slaughtered. After a comprehensive disinfection process, the blockade can be lifted after being reported to the higher authorities for approval.


(3) Implement reasonable comprehensive prevention and control measures for sick cattle and cattle in the blockade area, including emergency vaccination of vaccines, antibiotic therapy, specific therapy with high immune serum, chemotherapy, and adjuvant therapy to enhance physical fitness and physiological functions, etc. .


(4) The corpses of sick and dead cattle should be disposed of in strict accordance with the epidemic prevention regulations.


(2) Monitoring of metabolic diseases


Due to the intensification of dairy cow production and the development of high-standard breeding and directional breeding, the production performance and economic benefits of dairy cows have been improved, and the progress of research on nutritional metabolism has been promoted. At the same time, if the breeding management conditions and technology are slightly Negligence will inevitably lead to the occurrence of nutritional and metabolic diseases, which seriously affects the health, milk production and useful life of dairy cows. Therefore, attention must be paid to the monitoring of metabolic diseases in dairy cows.


(1) Metabolic Sampling Test (MPT) randomly draw blood samples from 30-50 dairy cows every quarter to determine blood urinary nitrogen content, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, blood sugar, hemoglobin and a series of biochemical indicators to observe the metabolic status of the herd.


(2) Measurement of urine pH and ketones within one week before delivery to 2 months after delivery, measure urine pH and ketones every other day, treat positive or suspicious cattle in time, and pay attention to the status of the herd.


(3) Adjust the ration formula:


① Determine the content of various nutrients in the balanced diet regularly.


②For high-yielding, thin, and frail cows, the ration formula should be adjusted in time to increase nutrition to prevent the occurrence of related diseases.


(4) High-yielding dairy cows should be properly fed with additives such as sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide in the concentrate during the peak period of lactation.


(3) Health care of breasts and hooves


1. Always keep the cow house, cow bed, exercise, cow body and udder clean. The cow house, cow bed and exercise should also be kept flat, dry and free of dirt (such as bricks, stones, slag, waste plastic bags, etc.) .


2. The breasts must be washed with clean water when milking, and then dried with a clean towel. After milking, each nipple must be soaked with disinfectant such as 3%-4% sodium hypochlorite solution for several seconds.


3. Surveillance for latent mastitis should be carried out 10 days and 3 days before stopping milk. Cattle with positive reaction should be treated in time. Cows with negative reaction twice can stop milking.


After stopping the milk, continue to bathe the nipple for 1 week, and observe the changes of the breast regularly. Resume the medicated bath 1 week before the expected delivery date, twice a day.


4. In January, March, June, July, August, September, and November of each year, the monitoring of recessive mastitis must be carried out. Comprehensive prevention and treatment measures should be taken for mastitis with clinical manifestations, and dairy cows that have not cured for a long time should be eliminated in time to reduce the source of infection.


5. Each year in spring and autumn, check and trim the hoof once a year, and treat cattle suffering from limb hoof disease in time. In the season with high incidence of hoof disease, the hoof should be sprayed with 5% copper sulfate solution twice a week to reduce the occurrence of hoof disease. For cattle with high incidence of hoof disease, pay attention to the condition of the entire herd.


6. Prohibit the breeding of bull semen with genetic defects of limb and hoof disease.


7. Regularly check all kinds of feed ingredients, frequently check, adjust, and balance the nutrition of dairy cows' diets, especially when the incidence of hoof disease is more than 15%.