Diagnosis and control of 19 common diseases of waterfowl
1. Waterfowl and Avian Influenza
2. Waterfowl paramyxovirus disease
3. Avian Ankara Disease
4. Waterfowl Tambusu virus
5. Duck tongue disease
6. Duck reovirus disease ("flower liver" and "spleen necrosis")
7. Muscovy duck "white liver disease"
8. Duck viral hepatitis
9, Muscovy duck three weeks disease
10. Duck plague
11. Waterfowl Escherichia coli, serositis
12. Goose gout
13. Goose Gosling Plague
14. Goose yellow aspergillosis
15. Chronic respiratory disease of goose
16, goose pox
17, goose egg plague
18. Pasteurellosis of waterfowl
19. Goose hemorrhagic enteritis syndrome
1. Waterfowl and Avian Influenza

Popular features:
1. The virus is prone to antigen drift or gene mutation, causing multiple serotypes (about 256).
2. The morbidity and mortality rates are quite different; the mortality rate of young goose and duck is high, breeder geese and breeder duck sometimes do not die, but only show a decrease in egg production rate.
3. The spread is rapid, the epidemic is fast, and the spread is wide.
4. Very contagious: A group of geese or ducks often behave normally in the morning and get sick in the afternoon, and some die suddenly without aura, or most of them have the disease overnight, especially in cases of blue eyes or pulmonary hydrops, which spread faster. To
5. High mortality in acute cases: If the diseased geese and ducks have pulmonary hydrops, myocarditis and neurological symptoms, the mortality can reach 90%-100%.
6. In chronic cases and later stages of onset, neurological symptoms such as blue eyes, head shaking, and circle movements appear.
7. Breeding geese and breeding ducks are often accompanied by egg blast disease: If breeding geese and breeding ducks are complicated with egg blast disease (E. coli), the symptoms will be aggravated and the morbidity and mortality rate will increase.
8. The immune effect of the vaccine is unreliable, and the effect is slow (generally, resistance is produced after 15 days of injection of the vaccine), and it is prone to recurrent disease.
Clinical features:
1. Pull turquoise, yellow and white creamy feces.
2. Diseased ducks and geese have red eyes, blue eyes or tears, or even eyes bleeding.
3. Sick ducks and geese have neurological symptoms such as elevated body temperature, soft feet, head shaking, turning in circles, and spinning in the water.
4. Breeding geese and ducks showed symptoms such as reduced food, decreased egg production and hatchability, and increased abnormal eggs and soft-shelled eggs.
Prevention method:
1. Vaccination: use avian influenza inactivated vaccine (H5, H7, H9), meat geese, meat duck: 7-10 days old each bird is 0.3-0.5 ml. 18-25 days old: Use the above vaccine to inoculate 0.8-1 ml/feather. Meat geese and ducks raised to over 80 days old, 35-40 days old: Use the above vaccine to inoculate 1-1.5 ml/feather. Breeding geese and ducks are vaccinated against avian influenza before delivery, and once again half a year after delivery, 1.5-2 ml per feather.
Goose and duck breeding farms implement an immunization monitoring system, and formulate reasonable immunization procedures based on the level of immune antibodies.
2. Improve immunity, enhance body resistance, reduce virus damage to the heart: Alpine Astragalus Polysaccharide Oral Liquid, Do not increase Yueweilong, use it for 3-5 days.
3. Clearing heat and detoxification, clearing blasts and detoxification: Gaoshan Zhengguanle, Powerful Yueweilong, Jinguan Huling, Puji Sandu San, continuous use for 3-5 days.
4. In case of illness, emergency vaccination with avian influenza vaccine can be used, or Gaoshan Zhengguanle injection, influenza refined antibody or high immune serum, together with avian interferon, antibiotics, and antiviral drugs.
5. Strengthen breeding management, pay attention to environmental sanitation, use Huanglian Jiedu San, Qiqing Baidu Granules, Fuzheng Jiedu San, Qingwen Baidu San for prevention in epidemic areas, and use it for 3-5 days.
6. Chickens, ducks, and geese are kept separately to prevent cross-infection.
2. Waterfowl paramyxovirus disease
Pathogen: Waterfowl paramyxovirus, also known as waterfowl Newcastle disease, is caused by type I paramyxovirus.
Disease characteristics:
(1) The incubation period is 3-5 days, and it can be infected at all ages.
(2) The younger the age, the higher the morbidity and mortality rate. The mortality rate within 10 days is 100%, and the mortality rate within 10-15 days is over 90%.
(3) Breeding geese and ducks has a low mortality rate, which is manifested by a decline in egg production and hatching rates.
(4) Chickens, gooses and ducks can infect each other.
Clinical features:
(1) Increased body temperature, lethargy, decreased appetite, and increased drinking water.
(2) Most of them pull white watery dung, and some pull blue dung.
(3) Slow action, unwilling to enter the water, floating in the water.
(4) Adult geese and ducks insert their heads under their wings, and watery liquid flows out of their mouths.
(5) In the later stage, there are neurological symptoms such as shaking head, turning in circles, and looking up.
(6) The egg production rate of breeding geese and ducks has decreased, and abnormal eggs or soft-shelled eggs are produced.
Prevention:
Vaccination: use the new-flow inactivated vaccine, meat geese, meat duck: 6-8 days old 0.3-0.5 ml per bird, and at the same time inject 2-3 doses of Newcastle disease IV strain. 15-20 days: inoculate 0.8-1 ml/feather with new-flow inactivated vaccine. For meat geese and ducks raised to over 80 days of age, 30-35 days: inoculate 1-1.5 ml/feather with the new-flow inactivated vaccine, and at the same time inject 3-5 doses of Newcastle disease IV strain.
Breeding geese and ducks were vaccinated with new-stream or new-tributary-stream inactivated vaccine before delivery, and then vaccinated again half a year after delivery, 1.5-2 ml per bird, and 5 newcastle disease IV strains were injected simultaneously.
Treatment: Refer to the prevention and treatment methods of avian influenza.
3. Avian Ankara Disease
Pathogen: Avian adenovirus serotype 4; known avian adenovirus disease (Avian Ankara, Muscovy Duck White Liver Disease, Chicken Inclusion Body Hepatitis, Chicken Egg Production Decline Syndrome, Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis, etc.).
Area of incidence: It was first discovered in Ankara, Turkey in 1987, and now it occurs more often in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Shandong, Jiangsu and other regions.
Morbidity: Morbidity and mortality range from 5% to 20%.
Susceptible animals: It occurs mostly in Zhongda broilers and hemp chickens. Since 2017, ducks and geese have also occurred in Guangdong.
Clinical features: Acute cases often fall to the ground suddenly without aura, leading to acute death; in chronic cases, soft feet, hanging wings, and yellowish white feces are more common.
Prevention and treatment:
1. Protect the liver and kidney, strengthen the heart and diuresis: Banqing granules, Qiqing Baidu granules, Qingjie mixture, etc. can be used for treatment, for 3-5 days.
2. Suppress the yang and strengthen the yang, improve the body's resistance, and reduce the damage to the body due to pericardial effusion: Astragalus polysaccharide is used for 3-5 days.
3. Prevention can be immunized with adenovirus (Ankara) inactivated vaccine at 10-15 days of age. The treatment can use Ankara refined antibodies, combined with interferon, antiviral drugs, and antibiotic injections.
4. Waterfowl Tambusu virus
Pathogen: Flaviviridae-Tembusu virus
Epidemic characteristics: From May 2010 to present, it has occurred all over the country. Ducks and geese of all ages can be infected, and laying ducks are particularly sensitive.
Disease characteristics: acute onset, high morbidity, acute drop in egg production rate, low mortality, and high residual rate.
Clinical features:
(1) Early stage of onset: there is often no aura symptoms, sudden onset, elevated body temperature, depression, reduced food, and even abandonment of food.
(2) Mid-stage disease: sick ducks and geese are thin, loose feathers, wet, drooping wings, floating in the water, difficulty breathing, hoarse voice, pulling off gray or blue-green dung, and the egg production rate and hatching rate decline rapidly.
(3) Late onset: dyskinesia, unstable walking, lameness, soft feet, paralysis, head tilted back, and some neurological symptoms such as head tremor.
Prevention and treatment:
(1) Prevention: Tambusu virus inactivated vaccine or live vaccine can be used; ducklings and geese are 10-15 days old, and breeding ducks and geese 15-20 days before laying, each vaccinate once.
(2) Improve immunity and reduce the occurrence of stress factors: Alpine Astragalus Polysaccharide Oral Liquid, Non-Zeng Yueweilong, Huangshu, Cooking-18, etc. can be used.
(2) Available when the disease occurs: Banqing granules, Qiqingbaidu granules, Jingfangbaidu powder, etc., combined with antibiotics, antiviral drugs, multivitamins, and glucose, for 5-7 days. At the same time, high-immune purified antibodies are used together with antiviral drugs, interferon and antibiotic injections.
5. Duck "big tongue disease"
Pathogen: Avian Parvovirus
Areas of incidence: In 2000, the incidence was scattered in individual areas in southern and southeastern my country. Since 2014, the incidence has been higher in duck-raising areas such as Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Beijing, Zhejiang, and Hunan.
Susceptible animals: Mostly occur in Cherry Valley Duck, Peking Duck, Muscovy Duck, Half Muscovy Duck, and Ma Duck, which are 10-35 days old. To
Morbidity characteristics: the morbidity rate varies, the mortality rate is low, the disability rate is high, and the size of the individual after the onset of the disease is significantly different.
Clinical features: sick ducks appear lame 2-3 days after onset; fall to the ground; easy to fracture; short beak, long tongue, late growth wasting, stunted growth, and weight loss ("dwarfism").
Prevention and treatment:
(1) Strengthen the body to detoxify and enhance resistance: Huang's polysaccharide can be used for 3-5 days.
(2) Clearing heat and detoxifying: Huanglian Jiedu Powder, Qiqing Baidu Granules, Jingfang Baidu Powder, etc., for 3-5 days.
(3) A flock of sick ducks can use gosling plague-big tongue disease combined refined antibody, combined with antibiotics, interferon, and antiviral injections.
(4) Prevention: 0.5-1 ml of gosling plague-big tongue disease dual-linked refined antibody can be used for 5-7 days of age.
(5) Diseased ducks cannot be cured due to deformed beaks and stunted growth, so they should be isolated or eliminated in time.
6. Duck reovirus disease ("flower liver" and "spleen necrosis")
Pathogen: Reovirus
Areas of incidence: It mostly occurs in Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui and other regions, and now it also occurs more frequently in Vietnam and Cambodia.
Clinical symptoms: shrinking head, loose hair, soft feet, bunching up, weight loss, diarrhea, pulling yellow and white feces.
Prevention and treatment:
(1) The inactivated vaccine can be used for more than 2 injections of breeding ducks before laying eggs.
(2) One-day-old injection of 1-2 doses of reovirus vaccine.
(3) 7-10 day old ducklings can be injected with 0.5-1 ml of refined antibody for prevention.
(4) Improving immunity: Astragalus polysaccharides, Qizheng immune and so on can be used.
(5) Qingwenbaidu: Qiqingbaidu Granules, Huanglian Jiedu San, etc., for 3-5 days.
(6) Tonifying the kidney and diuresis: use Wuling powder, Longdan Xiegan powder, etc. for 3-5 days.
(7) Available at the time of disease: High immune egg yolk antibody combined with cephalosporins, transfer factor, interferon, etc. to inject 1-2 ml.
7. Muscovy duck "white liver disease"
Pathogen: Avian adenovirus serotype 2
Incidence area: Since 2015, it has mostly occurred in Guangdong, Fujian and other regions; the mortality rate ranges from 10% to 50%.
Susceptible animals: mostly occur in young Muscovy ducks 10-30 days old.
Clinical features: material reduction, head shrinkage, dehydration and dry feet, soft feet, pulling yellow and white feces.
Characteristic lesions: the liver is enlarged and yellowish white, with mottled or scattered bleeding spots on the surface, and individual kidney enlargement and hemorrhage.
Prevention and treatment:
(1) It can be prevented by adenovirus inactivated vaccine, 0.3-0.5 ml for 8-12 days old.
(2) Improve immunity and reduce anti-stress factors: Astragalus polysaccharide, Qizheng immune and other drugs can be used for prevention.
(3) Fuzheng and detoxification: use Fuzhengjiedu powder in the early stage of onset, for 3-5 days.
(4) To clear away heat and detoxify, protect the liver and kidneys: when the disease occurs, you can choose: Wuling powder, Longdan Xiegan powder, continuous use for 3-5 days.
8. Duck viral hepatitis
Pathogen: Picornavirus
Serotypes: DHV Ⅰ, DHV Ⅱ, DHV Ⅲ, each serotype has no cross protection. DHV Ⅰ is mainly prevalent in my country, and DHV Ⅲ has also occurred in recent years.
Susceptible animals: mainly infect ducklings within 3 weeks of age
Clinical features: acute onset, short course of disease, high mortality; sick ducks appear, spasmodic repeated kicking of both feet, body twitching, head tilting, head shaking and other neurological symptoms. Before death, he was in a posture of horn bow reversal.
Prevention and treatment:
1. Use duck viral hepatitis attenuated vaccine, and inoculate 15-20 doses of breeding ducks before giving birth to protect the newborn ducklings from virus infection.
2. During the period of high disease incidence, ducklings should be vaccinated with 1 to 2 doses of live duck viral hepatitis vaccine at the age of 1 day, or within 3 days of age, use duck viral hepatitis refined antibody vaccination.
3. For sick or threatened ducks, high immune egg yolk antibodies or refined antibodies can be used, together with interferon and antiviral injections.
9. Muscovy duck "three weeks disease"
Pathogen: Parvovirus
Susceptible animals: mostly occur in young Muscovy ducks within 3 weeks of age
Clinical features: anorexia, loose hair, diarrhea (sometimes mixed with cellulose flakes in the feces), rapid dehydration, dry feet, weakness in walking, weight loss and death. The younger the age, the more acute the onset, the shorter the course of the disease, and the greater the mortality rate.
Pathological features:
1. Pancreas: bleeding or gray-white necrotic spots.
2. Intestinal tract: Acute cases show catarrhal inflammation or mucosal congestion and bleeding in varying degrees. In chronic cases, there are often "sausage-like" embolisms in the jejunum and ileum, also known as "sausage feces."
3. The gallbladder is enlarged and the bile is full.
Prevention:
1. Two doses of Muscovy Duck Parvovirus attenuated vaccine will be injected one month before the breeding ducks, and 5-10 doses will be boosted 14 days later.
2. Ducklings should be inoculated with 1-2 doses of Muscovy duck parvovirus attenuated vaccine within 2 days of birth, or intramuscular injection of 0.5-0.8 ml of hyperimmune serum or hyperimmune yolk antibody within 5 days of age.
3. For sick or threatened ducks, high immune yolk antibodies or refined antibodies can be used with injections of interferon, interleukin, antiviral drugs, antibiotics, etc.
10. Duck plague
Pathogen: herpes virus
Popular characteristics: It mainly occurs in adult geese and ducks, which can occur all year round, especially in winter and spring. From 2015 to now, it is more popular in Jiangmen, Qingyuan, Zhaoqing and other regions of Guangdong.
Clinical features:
1. Four characteristics: swollen head; tearful eyes; soft feet; drooping wings.
2. The body temperature rises and pulls yellow-green watery feces.
Prevention and treatment:
1. Prevention: 2-5 doses of duck plague attenuated vaccine for meat ducks and meat geese.
2. When onset:
Breeding geese: use duck plague attenuated vaccine, and emergency injections of 20-25 shots per goose.
Ducks: Use duck plague attenuated vaccine, emergency injections of 5-10 doses per duck.
3. High immune serum or refined antibodies can be used in combination with interferon, interleukin, antibiotics, and antiviral drugs.
11. Waterfowl Escherichia coli, serositis
Pathogen: Escherichia coli, Riemerella anatipestifer
Age of onset: It mostly occurs in waterfowls at 2-8 weeks of age, and is most susceptible at 2-3 weeks of age. E. coli disease in breeders, ducks and geese is also called "egg blast".
Clinical features: increased body temperature, reduced food, soft feet, neck reduction, white and loose stools, and some neurological symptoms such as head and neck tremor, forward and backward turn.
Why are waterfowl prone to E. coli and serositis?
(1) Many serotypes: The antigen structure and serotype of Escherichia coli are extremely complex. The main antigens are 171 types of bacterial (O) antigens, 103 types of surface (k) antigens, and 60 types of flagella (H) antigens. In addition, there are fimbriae (F) Antigen, O1, O2, O78, O35 are mainly prevalent in poultry in my country; 25 serotypes of Riemerella anatipestifer have been found.
(2) The site environment and water source are highly polluted, and the intermittent time of breeding batches is short.
(3) Abrupt weather, high temperature and high humidity.
(4) The stocking density is too large and the ventilation is poor.
(5) The pathogens are particularly resistant to drugs, and the effects of multiple drugs are not ideal, and they are easy to relapse.
(6) Post-secondary infections of certain diseases (such as: flower liver disease, chronic respiratory disease, accessory mucosa, influenza, etc.)
Prevention:
1. Strengthen breeding management, keep the site and water source clean and hygienic, and the environment is ventilated and dry.
2. Implement an all-in and all-out system to facilitate the cleaning, disinfection and purification of the site environment.
2. It can be immunized with E. coli-serositis inactivated vaccine at 5-7 days of age.
3. Conduct drug susceptibility tests on the site regularly, use sensitive antibiotics, and cooperate with Wenbaisan + Mengzeng Yueweilong, Gaoshan Bus, Baitouweng San, Tanliling, etc., for 3-5 days; antibiotics should be used in combination and in rotation. , To prevent bacteria from developing resistance.
4. Sensitive antibiotics can be used when the disease is onset, combined with yangbankang and kanlik, for 3-5 days
12. Goose gout
Pathogenic factors:
1. Virus infection: Astrovirus infection (Isolated in the laboratory of Shandong Agricultural University for the first time in 2017)
2. Feed factors: eating protein feed containing higher purines, and less green feed.
3. Metabolism