Comprehensive prevention and control of livestock hydatid disease Hydatid disease, also known as echinococcosis, is caused by the parasitization of hydatid larvae of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus family and the liver and lungs of sheep, cattle, camels, pigs, humans and other animals. It is an important type of zoonotic parasitic disease, which is extremely harmful to the health of the people and the development of animal husbandry. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) lists this disease as a Category B animal disease, and my country lists it as a Category 2 zoonotic disease and one of 16 priority diseases for prevention and control. 1. Developmental process and popular characteristics Canines are the terminal hosts, and animals such as sheep and cattle are intermediate hosts. After the adult parasitic in the small intestine of canines mature, their pregnant knots and eggs are excreted with feces, polluting pastures, soil, feed, water, and livestock houses. After the eggs are swallowed by intermediate hosts such as domestic animals or humans, the larvae hatch out, drill into the intestinal wall, enter the liver, lung and other tissues with the portal vein, and develop into hydatid cysts in about 5 months. The animal's cyst is swallowed by the dog, and its cranial segment develops into an adult in the dog's small intestine after 3-10 weeks. There are thousands of adult worms in the host. Each pregnant section contains 100 to 1500 eggs, and each well-developed hydatid cyst contains up to 2 million protocercaria, so the consequences of infection are very serious. . In arid and windy areas, insect eggs flutter in the wind, and there may be respiratory infections. Human infections are mainly related to environmental hygiene and poor hygiene practices. 2. Features and clinical symptoms Mild infection or initial symptoms of infection in livestock are generally not obvious. Adult worms have no obvious pathogenic effect on dogs, and even thousands of parasites have no clinical manifestations. In the process of massive parasitism in domestic animals, larvae will oppress the parasitic organs and surrounding tissues, causing tissue atrophy and dysfunction. When the liver is parasitic, it can cause digestive disorders, jaundice, and obvious tenderness in the liver area; when the lung is parasitic, coughing, wheezing, and breathing difficulties can occur. After the metabolites are absorbed, inflammation and systemic allergic reactions occur in surrounding tissues, and severe cases can be fatal. Sick animals also often show symptoms such as reduced feed intake, messy coat, nutritional disorders, weak rumination, and body weight loss. There is currently no specific treatment for echinococcosis. Most human hydatid infections are removed by surgery; animals can be treated with albendazole (albendazole) or praziquantel. 3. Preventive measures 1. Master the prevalence and extent of hydatid disease. According to the administrative divisions, conduct a comprehensive epidemiological investigation of hydatid disease among livestock, and clarify the infection rate and infection intensity of different livestock by means of laboratory dog feces monitoring, adult livestock serological monitoring, and slaughtered livestock organ inspections. Evaluate the risk of the outbreak in a timely manner and improve the pertinence of the prevention and control of hydatid disease. 2. Strengthen the management of dogs. Carefully manage the registration and file management of domestic dogs. In areas where conditions permit, various measures have been taken to control the number of dogs and hunt stray dogs. The final host (dog) deworming work is the key to cutting off the cycle chain of echinococcosis pathogens. It is necessary to ensure regular deworming work for domestic dogs and ensure that dogs are dewormed at least 8 times a year. "Monthly Deworming". It is best to choose praziquantel as the deworming drug. During the deworming period, the dog is kept on a leash, and the feces within 5 days of the deworming of the dog are buried or incinerated. 3. Livestock immunization injection. In areas where echinococcosis is severely endemic, livestock (sheep) can also be vaccinated against echinococcosis genetic engineering subunit vaccines. 4. Pay attention to disinfection and elimination of sources. For echinococcosis endemic areas, use disinfectant spray or flame disinfection to carry out standardized disinfection. Especially during the period of tethering the dog after deworming, in addition to deep burying or incineration of the collected dog feces, the breeding environment is thoroughly disinfected to prevent Echinococcus eggs from polluting the environment. 5. Strengthen quarantine supervision and cut off transmission channels. The animal health supervision department should strengthen the quarantine and supervision of the slaughter enterprises. If the diseased organs are found, it is strictly prohibited to sell or feed the dogs without treatment. All the diseased organs shall be treated harmlessly (high temperature and pressure, incineration or deep Buried). It is strictly forbidden to raise dogs in slaughterhouses and breeding grounds, and prevent dogs from entering. 6. Strengthen organizational leadership to ensure that prevention and control funds are in place. Hydatid disease is extremely harmful, and governments at all levels should attach great importance to the prevention and control of echinococcosis, take the prevention and control of echinococcosis as an important livelihood project, strengthen hierarchical management, clarify target responsibilities, improve evaluation mechanisms, implement accountability and accountability System and interview system. The government should actively coordinate the close cooperation of multiple departments such as animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, health, etc., and unified actions and joint prevention and treatment. Provincial (autonomous region), city, and county governments shall allocate special funds for echinococcosis prevention and control in a timely and full amount to ensure that the grassroots steadily carry out various specific tasks for echinococcosis prevention and control, such as circulation adjustment, monitoring, and dog deworming. 7. Strengthen popular science and health education. Animal epidemic prevention personnel at all levels take various forms, including posters, TV lectures, and training courses to publicize the epidemic process, hazards and prevention knowledge of echinococcosis to relevant social groups, actively guide healthy and hygienic living habits, and build A good pattern for the whole society to participate in the prevention and treatment of hydatid disease.